mirror of
https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material.git
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580 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
580 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
---
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icon: material/code-json
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---
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# Code blocks
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Code blocks and examples are an essential part of technical project
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documentation. Material for MkDocs provides different ways to set up syntax
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highlighting for code blocks, either during build time using [Pygments] or
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during runtime using a JavaScript syntax highlighter.
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[Pygments]: https://pygments.org
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## Configuration
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This configuration enables syntax highlighting on code blocks and inline code
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blocks, and allows to include source code directly from other files. Add the
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following lines to `mkdocs.yml`:
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``` yaml
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markdown_extensions:
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- pymdownx.highlight:
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anchor_linenums: true
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line_spans: __span
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pygments_lang_class: true
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- pymdownx.inlinehilite
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- pymdownx.snippets
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- pymdownx.superfences
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```
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The following sections discuss how to use different syntax highlighting features
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with [Pygments], the recommended highlighter, so they don't apply when using a
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JavaScript syntax highlighter.
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See additional configuration options:
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- [Highlight]
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- [InlineHilite]
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- [SuperFences]
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- [Snippets]
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[Highlight]: ../setup/extensions/python-markdown-extensions.md#highlight
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[InlineHilite]: ../setup/extensions/python-markdown-extensions.md#inlinehilite
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[SuperFences]: ../setup/extensions/python-markdown-extensions.md#superfences
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[Snippets]: ../setup/extensions/python-markdown-extensions.md#snippets
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### Code copy button
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<!-- md:version 9.0.0 -->
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<!-- md:feature -->
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Code blocks can automatically render a button on the right side to allow the
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user to copy a code block's contents to the clipboard. Add the following to
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`mkdocs.yml` to enable them globally:
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``` yaml
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theme:
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features:
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- content.code.copy
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```
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??? info "Enabling or disabling code copy buttons for a specific code block"
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If you don't want to enable code copy buttons globally, you can enable them
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for a specific code block by using a slightly different syntax based on the
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[Attribute Lists] extension:
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```` yaml
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``` { .yaml .copy }
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# Code block content
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```
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````
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Note that the language shortcode which has to come first must now also be
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prefixed by a `.`. Similarly, the copy button can also be disabled for a
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specific code block:
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```` { .yaml .no-copy }
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``` { .yaml .no-copy }
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# Code block content
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```
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````
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??? tip "Overriding the clipboard text"
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<!-- md:version 9.4.4 -->
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<!-- md:flag experimental -->
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If you want to define a slightly different text to be copied to the
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clipboard, you can use the `data-copy` attribute on the code block. Note
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that this attribute does not support multiple lines, which is not a
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limitation of Material for MkDocs, but of the Markdown parser. Example:
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```` markdown title="Code block"
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``` { .sh data-copy="curl https://www.example.com" }
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$ curl https://www.example.com
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# <!doctype html>
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# <html>
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# ...
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` { .sh data-copy="curl https://www.example.com" }
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$ curl https://www.example.com
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# <!doctype html>
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# <html>
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# ...
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```
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</div>
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We recommend to use this very sparingly, because sometimes it can be
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confusing to copy something different to the clipboard than what is
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actually displayed.
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### Code selection button
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<!-- md:sponsors -->
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<!-- md:version insiders-4.32.0 -->
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<!-- md:flag experimental -->
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Code blocks can include a button to allow for the selection of line ranges by
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the user, which is perfect for linking to a specific subsection of a code block. This allows the user to apply [line highlighting] dynamically. Add the following
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to `mkdocs.yml` to enable it globally:
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``` yaml
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theme:
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features:
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- content.code.select
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```
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??? info "Enabling or disabling code selection buttons for a specific code block"
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If you don't want to enable code selection buttons globally, you can enable
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them for a specific code block by using a slightly different syntax based on
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the [Attribute Lists] extension:
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```` yaml
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``` { .yaml .select }
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# Code block content
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```
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````
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Note that the language shortcode which has to come first must now also be
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prefixed by a `.`. Similarly, the selection button can also be disabled for
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a specific code block:
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```` { .yaml .no-select }
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``` { .yaml .no-select }
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# Code block content
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```
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````
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[line highlighting]: #highlighting-specific-lines
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### Code annotations
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<!-- md:version 8.0.0 -->
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<!-- md:feature -->
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Code annotations offer a comfortable and friendly way to attach arbitrary
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content to specific sections of code blocks by adding numeric markers in block
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and inline comments in the language of the code block. Add the following to
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`mkdocs.yml` to enable them globally:
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``` yaml
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theme:
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features:
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- content.code.annotate # (1)!
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```
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1. :man_raising_hand: I'm a code annotation! I can contain `code`, __formatted
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text__, images, ... basically anything that can be written in Markdown.
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??? info "Enabling code annotations for a specific code block"
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If you don't want to enable code annotations globally, because you don't
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like the automatic inlining behavior, you can enable them for a specific
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code block by using a slightly different syntax based on the
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[Attribute Lists] extension:
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```` yaml
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``` { .yaml .annotate }
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# Code block content
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```
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````
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Note that the language shortcode which has to come first must now also be
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prefixed by a `.`.
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[Attribute Lists]: ../setup/extensions/python-markdown.md#attribute-lists
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#### Custom selectors
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<!-- md:sponsors -->
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<!-- md:version insiders-4.32.0 -->
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<!-- md:flag experimental -->
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Normally, code annotations can only be [placed in comments], as comments can be
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considered safe for placement. However, sometimes it might be necessary to place
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annotations in parts of the code block where comments are not allowed, e.g. in
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strings.
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Additional selectors can be set per-language:
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``` yaml
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extra:
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annotate:
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json: [.s2] # (1)!
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```
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1. [`.s2`][s2] is the name of the lexeme that [Pygments] generates for double-quoted
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strings. If you want to use a code annotation in another lexeme than a
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comment, inspect the code block and determine which lexeme needs to be added
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to the list of additional selectors.
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__Important__: Code annotations cannot be split between lexemes.
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Now, code annotations can be used from within strings in JSON:
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``` json
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{
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"key": "value (1)"
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}
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```
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1. :man_raising_hand: I'm a code annotation! I can contain `code`, __formatted
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text__, images, ... basically anything that can be written in Markdown.
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[placed in comments]: #adding-annotations
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[s2]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/87d5ca487b9d9ab95c41ee72813149d214048693/src/assets/stylesheets/main/extensions/pymdownx/_highlight.scss#L45
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## Usage
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Code blocks must be enclosed with two separate lines containing three backticks.
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To add syntax highlighting to those blocks, add the language shortcode directly
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after the opening block. See the [list of available lexers] to find the
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shortcode for a given language:
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```` markdown title="Code block"
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``` py
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import tensorflow as tf
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` py
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import tensorflow as tf
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```
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</div>
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[list of available lexers]: https://pygments.org/docs/lexers/
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### Adding a title
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In order to provide additional context, a custom title can be added to a code
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block by using the `title="<custom title>"` option directly after the shortcode,
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e.g. to display the name of a file:
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```` markdown title="Code block with title"
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``` py title="bubble_sort.py"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` py title="bubble_sort.py"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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</div>
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### Adding annotations
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Code annotations can be placed anywhere in a code block where a comment for the
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language of the block can be placed, e.g. for JavaScript in `#!js // ...` and
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`#!js /* ... */`, for YAML in `#!yaml # ...`, etc.[^1]:
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[^1]:
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Code annotations require syntax highlighting with [Pygments] – they're
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currently not compatible with JavaScript syntax highlighters, or languages
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that do not have comments in their grammar. However, we're actively working
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on supporting alternate ways of defining code annotations, allowing to
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always place code annotations at the end of lines.
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```` markdown title="Code block with annotation"
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``` yaml
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theme:
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features:
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- content.code.annotate # (1)
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```
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1. :man_raising_hand: I'm a code annotation! I can contain `code`, __formatted
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text__, images, ... basically anything that can be written in Markdown.
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` yaml
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theme:
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features:
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- content.code.annotate # (1)
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```
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1. :man_raising_hand: I'm a code annotation! I can contain `code`, __formatted
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text__, images, ... basically anything that can be written in Markdown.
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</div>
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#### Stripping comments
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<!-- md:version 8.5.0 -->
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<!-- md:flag experimental -->
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If you wish to strip the comment characters surrounding a code annotation,
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simply add an `!` after the closing parenthesis of the code annotation:
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```` markdown title="Code block with annotation, stripped"
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``` yaml
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# (1)!
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```
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1. Look ma, less line noise!
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` yaml
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# (1)!
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```
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1. Look ma, less line noise!
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</div>
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Note that this only allows for a single code annotation to be rendered per
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comment. If you want to add multiple code annotations, comments cannot be
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stripped for technical reasons.
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### Adding line numbers
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Line numbers can be added to a code block by using the `linenums="<start>"`
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option directly after the shortcode, whereas `<start>` represents the starting
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line number. A code block can start from a line number other than `1`, which
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allows to split large code blocks for readability:
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```` markdown title="Code block with line numbers"
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``` py linenums="1"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` py linenums="1"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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</div>
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### Highlighting specific lines
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Specific lines can be highlighted by passing the line numbers to the `hl_lines`
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argument placed right after the language shortcode. Note that line counts start
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at `1`, regardless of the starting line number specified as part of
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[`linenums`][Adding line numbers]:
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=== "Lines"
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```` markdown title="Code block with highlighted lines"
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``` py hl_lines="2 3"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` py linenums="1" hl_lines="2 3"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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</div>
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=== "Line ranges"
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```` markdown title="Code block with highlighted line range"
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``` py hl_lines="3-5"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` py linenums="1" hl_lines="3-5"
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def bubble_sort(items):
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for i in range(len(items)):
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for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
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if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
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items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
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```
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</div>
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[Adding line numbers]: #adding-line-numbers
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### Highlighting inline code blocks
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When [InlineHilite] is enabled, syntax highlighting can be applied to inline
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code blocks by prefixing them with a shebang, i.e. `#!`, directly followed by
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the corresponding [language shortcode][list of available lexers].
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``` markdown title="Inline code block"
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The `#!python range()` function is used to generate a sequence of numbers.
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```
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<div class="result" markdown>
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The `#!python range()` function is used to generate a sequence of numbers.
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</div>
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### Embedding external files
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When [Snippets] is enabled, content from other files (including source files)
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can be embedded by using the [`--8<--` notation][Snippets notation] directly
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from within a code block:
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```` markdown title="Code block with external content"
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``` title=".browserslistrc"
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--8<-- ".browserslistrc"
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```
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````
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<div class="result" markdown>
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``` title=".browserslistrc"
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last 4 years
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```
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</div>
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[Snippets notation]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/snippets/#snippets-notation
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## Customization
|
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### Custom syntax theme
|
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If [Pygments] is used, Material for MkDocs provides the [styles for code blocks]
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[colors], which are built with a custom and well-balanced palette that works
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equally well for both [color schemes]:
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-number-color) " } `--md-code-hl-number-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-special-color) " } `--md-code-hl-special-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-function-color) " } `--md-code-hl-function-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-constant-color) " } `--md-code-hl-constant-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-keyword-color) " } `--md-code-hl-keyword-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-string-color) " } `--md-code-hl-string-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-name-color) " } `--md-code-hl-name-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-operator-color) " } `--md-code-hl-operator-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-punctuation-color) " } `--md-code-hl-punctuation-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-comment-color) " } `--md-code-hl-comment-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-generic-color) " } `--md-code-hl-generic-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-variable-color) " } `--md-code-hl-variable-color`
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Code block foreground, background and line highlight colors are defined via:
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-fg-color) " } `--md-code-fg-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-bg-color) " } `--md-code-bg-color`
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- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{ style="color: var(--md-code-hl-color) " } `--md-code-hl-color`
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Let's say you want to change the color of `#!js "strings"`. While there are
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several [types of string tokens], they use the same color. You can assign
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a new color by using an [additional style sheet]:
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||
|
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=== ":octicons-file-code-16: `docs/stylesheets/extra.css`"
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``` css
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:root > * {
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--md-code-hl-string-color: #0FF1CE;
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}
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```
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|
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=== ":octicons-file-code-16: `mkdocs.yml`"
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
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extra_css:
|
||
- stylesheets/extra.css
|
||
```
|
||
|
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If you want to tweak a specific type of string, e.g. ``#!js `backticks` ``, you
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||
can lookup the specific CSS class name in the [syntax theme definition], and
|
||
override it as part of your [additional style sheet]:
|
||
|
||
=== ":octicons-file-code-16: `docs/stylesheets/extra.css`"
|
||
|
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``` css
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.highlight .sb {
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color: #0FF1CE;
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||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
=== ":octicons-file-code-16: `mkdocs.yml`"
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
extra_css:
|
||
- stylesheets/extra.css
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[colors]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/master/src/templates/assets/stylesheets/main/_colors.scss
|
||
[color schemes]: ../setup/changing-the-colors.md#color-scheme
|
||
[types of string tokens]: https://pygments.org/docs/tokens/#literals
|
||
[additional style sheet]: ../customization.md#additional-css
|
||
[syntax theme definition]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/master/src/templates/assets/stylesheets/main/extensions/pymdownx/_highlight.scss
|
||
|
||
### Annotation tooltip width
|
||
|
||
If you have a lot of content hosted inside your code annotations, it can be a
|
||
good idea to increase the width of the tooltip by adding the following as part
|
||
of an [additional style sheet]:
|
||
|
||
=== ":octicons-file-code-16: `docs/stylesheets/extra.css`"
|
||
|
||
``` css
|
||
:root {
|
||
--md-tooltip-width: 600px;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
=== ":octicons-file-code-16: `mkdocs.yml`"
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
extra_css:
|
||
- stylesheets/extra.css
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This will render annotations with a larger width:
|
||
|
||
<div style="--md-tooltip-width: 600px;" markdown>
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
# (1)!
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
1. Muuuuuuuuuuuuuuuch more space for content
|
||
|
||
</div>
|