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Instead of installing GTK+ and installing from source, suggested installing MSYS2 and obtaining Cairo built for UCRT64 via its Pacman.
273 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
273 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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icon: material/image-sync-outline
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---
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# Image processing
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Some of the [built-in plugins] depend on external libraries for efficient image
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processing, most notably the [social] plugin to generate [social cards], and the
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[optimize] plugin for applying [image optimization]. This guide explains how to
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install those libraries in different environments.
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[built-in plugins]: ../index.md
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[social]: ../social.md
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[social cards]: ../../setup/setting-up-social-cards.md
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[optimize]: ../optimize.md
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[image optimization]: ../../setup/building-an-optimized-site.md
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## Dependencies
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The libraries for image processing are entirely optional, and only need to be
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installed if you want to use the [social] plugin or the [optimize] plugin. The
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libraries are listed under the `imaging` extra:
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```
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pip install "mkdocs-material[imaging]"
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```
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This will install compatible versions of the following packages:
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- [Pillow]
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- [CairoSVG]
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[Pillow]: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/
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[CairoSVG]: https://cairosvg.org/
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### Cairo Graphics
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[Cairo Graphics] is a graphics library and dependency of [Pillow], which
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Material for MkDocs makes use of for generating [social cards] and performing
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[image optimization]. See the following section which explains how to install
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[Cairo Graphics] and its dependencies on your system:
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=== ":material-apple: macOS"
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Make sure [Homebrew] is installed, which is a modern package manager for
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macOS. Next, use the following command to install all necessary
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dependencies:
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```
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brew install cairo freetype libffi libjpeg libpng zlib
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```
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=== ":fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows"
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The easiest way to get up and running with the [Cairo Graphics] library is
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by installing it via [MSYS2], which is a software distribution and building
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platform for Windows. Run the following command inside of a MSYS2 shell:
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```
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pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-cairo
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```
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MSYS2 provides the Cairo Graphics library in several different environments.
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The above command uses the [UCRT64] environment, as recommended by the MSYS2
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developers.
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=== ":material-linux: Linux"
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There are several package managers for Linux with varying availability per
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distribution. The [installation guide] explains how to install the [Cairo
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Graphics] library for your distribution:
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=== ":material-ubuntu: Ubuntu"
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```
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apt-get install libcairo2-dev libfreetype6-dev libffi-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libz-dev
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```
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=== ":material-fedora: Fedora"
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```
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yum install cairo-devel freetype-devel libffi-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel zlib-devel
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```
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=== ":fontawesome-brands-suse: openSUSE"
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```
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zypper install cairo-devel freetype-devel libffi-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel zlib-devel
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```
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The following environments come with a preinstalled version of [Cairo Graphics]:
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- [x] No installation needed in [Docker image]
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- [x] No installation needed in [GitHub Actions] (Ubuntu)
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[Cairo Graphics]: https://www.cairographics.org/
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[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
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[installation guide]: https://www.cairographics.org/download/
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[MSYS2]: https://www.msys2.org/
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[UCRT64]: https://www.msys2.org/docs/environments/
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[Docker image]: https://hub.docker.com/r/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/
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[GitHub Actions]: ../../publishing-your-site.md#with-github-actions
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### pngquant
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[pngquant] is an excellent library for lossy PNG compression, and a direct
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dependency of the [built-in optimize plugin]. See the following section which
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explains how to install [pngquant] system:
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=== ":material-apple: macOS"
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Make sure [Homebrew] is installed, which is a modern package manager for
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macOS. Next, use the following command to install all necessary
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dependencies:
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```
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brew install pngquant
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```
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=== ":fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows"
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The easiest way to get [pngquant] is by installing it via [MSYS2], which is
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a software distribution and building platform for Windows. Run the following
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command inside of a MSYS2 shell:
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```
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pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-pngquant
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```
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=== ":material-linux: Linux"
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All popular Linux distributions, regardless of package manager, should
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allow to install [pngquant] with the bundled package manager. For example,
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on Ubuntu, [pngquant] can be installed with:
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```
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apt-get install pngquant
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```
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The same is true for `yum` and `zypper`.
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The following environments come with a preinstalled version of [pngquant]:
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- [x] No installation needed in [Docker image]
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[pngquant]: https://pngquant.org/
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[built-in optimize plugin]: ../../plugins/optimize.md
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[pngquant-winbuild]: https://github.com/jibsen/pngquant-winbuild
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## Troubleshooting
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### Cairo library was not found
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After following the installation guide above it may happen that you still get
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the following error:
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```bash
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no library called "cairo-2" was found
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no library called "cairo" was found
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no library called "libcairo-2" was found
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cannot load library 'libcairo.so.2': error 0x7e. Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called 'libcairo.so.2'
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cannot load library 'libcairo.2.dylib': error 0x7e. Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called 'libcairo.2.dylib'
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cannot load library 'libcairo-2.dll': error 0x7e. Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called 'libcairo-2.dll'
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```
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This means that the [`cairosvg`][PyPi CairoSVG] package was installed, but the
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underlying [`cairocffi`][PyPi CairoCFFI] dependency couldn't [find][cffi-dopen]
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the installed library. Depending on the operating system the library lookup
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process is different:
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!!! tip
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Before proceeding remember to fully restart any open Terminal windows, and
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their parent hosts like IDEs to reload any environmental variables, which
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were altered during the installation process. This might be the quick fix.
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=== ":material-apple: macOS"
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On macOS the library lookup checks inside paths defined in [dyld][osx-dyld].
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Additionally each library `name` is checked in [three variants][find-library-macOS]
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with the `libname.dylib`, `name.dylib` and `name.framework/name` format.
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[Homebrew] should set every needed variable to point at the installed
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library directory, but if that didn't happen, you can use the debug script
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below to see what paths are looked up.
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A [known workaround][cffi-issue] is to add the Homebrew lib path directly
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before running MkDocs:
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```bash
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export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/homebrew/lib
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```
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View source code of [cairo-lookup-macos.py]
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```bash title="Python Debug macOS Script"
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curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-macos.py" | python -
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```
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=== ":fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows"
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On Windows the library lookup checks inside the paths defined in the
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environmental `PATH` variable. Additionally each library `name` is checked
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in [two variants][find-library-Windows] with the `name` and `name.dll` format.
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The default binary and shared library path for the [UCRT64] environment of
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[MSYS2], in which the packages were installed using the above commands, is:
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```powershell
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C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin
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```
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Use the debug script below to check if the path is included. If it isn't then:
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1. Press ++windows+r++.
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2. Run the `SystemPropertiesAdvanced` applet.
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3. Select "Environmental Variables" at the bottom.
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4. Add the whole path to the above directory to your `Path` variable.
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5. Click OK on all open windows to apply changes.
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6. Fully restart any open Terminal windows and their parent hosts like IDEs.
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```powershell title="You can also list paths using PowerShell"
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$env:Path -split ';'
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```
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View source code of [cairo-lookup-windows.py]
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```powershell title="PowerShell - Python Debug Windows Script"
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(Invoke-WebRequest "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-windows.py").Content | python -
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```
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=== ":material-linux: Linux"
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On Linux the library lookup can [differ greatly][find-library-Linux] and is
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dependent from the installed distribution. For tested Ubuntu and Manjaro
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systems Python runs shell commands to check which libraries are available in
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[`ldconfig`][ubuntu-ldconfig], in the [`gcc`][ubuntu-gcc]/`cc` compiler, and
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in [`ld`][ubuntu-ld].
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You can extend the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environmental variable with an absolute
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path to a library directory containing `libcairo.so` etc. Run this directly
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before MkDocs:
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```bash
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export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/absolute/path/to/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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```
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You can also modify the `/etc/ld.so.conf` file.
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The Python script below shows, which function is being run to find installed
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libraries. You can check the source to find out what specific commands are
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executed on your system during library lookup.
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View source code of [cairo-lookup-linux.py]
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```bash title="Python Debug Linux Script"
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curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-linux.py" | python -
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```
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[PyPi CairoSVG]: https://pypi.org/project/CairoSVG
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[PyPi CairoCFFI]: https://pypi.org/project/CairoCFFI
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[osx-dyld]: https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/dyld/
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[ubuntu-ldconfig]: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man8/ldconfig.8.html
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[ubuntu-ld]: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/ld.1.html
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[ubuntu-gcc]: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/gcc.1.html
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[cffi-issue]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/issues/5121
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[cffi-dopen]: https://github.com/Kozea/cairocffi/blob/f1984d644bbc462ef0ec33b97782cf05733d7b53/cairocffi/__init__.py#L24-L49
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[find-library-macOS]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4d58a1d8fb27048c11bcbda3da1bebf78f979335/Lib/ctypes/util.py#L70-L81
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[find-library-Windows]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4d58a1d8fb27048c11bcbda3da1bebf78f979335/Lib/ctypes/util.py#L59-L67
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[find-library-Linux]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4d58a1d8fb27048c11bcbda3da1bebf78f979335/Lib/ctypes/util.py#L92
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[cairo-lookup-macos.py]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-macos.py
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[cairo-lookup-windows.py]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-windows.py
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[cairo-lookup-linux.py]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-linux.py
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