mirror of
https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material.git
synced 2024-06-14 11:52:32 +03:00
388 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
388 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
template: overrides/main.html
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# Code blocks
|
||
|
||
Code blocks and examples are an essential part of technical project
|
||
documentation. Material for MkDocs provides different ways to set up syntax
|
||
highlighting for code blocks, either during build time using [Pygments][1] or
|
||
during runtime using a JavaScript syntax highlighter.
|
||
|
||
[1]: https://pygments.org
|
||
|
||
## Configuration
|
||
|
||
### Highlight
|
||
|
||
[:octicons-file-code-24: Source][2] · [:octicons-workflow-24: Extension][3] ·
|
||
:octicons-zap-24: Supersedes: [CodeHilite][4]
|
||
|
||
The [Highlight][3] extension, which is part of [Python Markdown Extensions][5],
|
||
integrates with Material for MkDocs and provides several options for
|
||
configuring syntax highlighting of code blocks:
|
||
|
||
`use_pygments`{: #use-pygments }
|
||
|
||
: :octicons-milestone-24: Default: `true` – This option allows to control
|
||
whether highlighting should be carried out during build time by
|
||
[Pygments][1] or runtime with a JavaScript highlighter. Remember to add the
|
||
necessary [additional stylesheets][6] and [JavaScript][7] if you want to
|
||
use the latter:
|
||
|
||
=== "Pygments"
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.highlight
|
||
- pymdownx.superfences
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
=== "JavaScript"
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.highlight:
|
||
use_pygments: false
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
??? example "Syntax highlighting with Highlight.js"
|
||
|
||
[Highlight.js][8] can be integrated by creating an [additional
|
||
JavaScript][7] file initializing the highlighter and including the
|
||
respective stylesheet and JavaScript from a [CDN][9] serving
|
||
Highlight.js in `mkdocs.yml`:
|
||
|
||
=== "docs/javascripts/config.js"
|
||
|
||
``` js
|
||
hljs.initHighlighting()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
=== "mkdocs.yml"
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
extra_javascript:
|
||
- https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.1.1/highlight.min.js
|
||
- javascripts/config.js
|
||
extra_css:
|
||
- https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/10.1.1/styles/default.min.css
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note that Highlight.js has no affiliation with the Highlight extension.
|
||
|
||
`linenums`{: #linenums }
|
||
|
||
: :octicons-milestone-24: Default: `false` – This option will add line numbers
|
||
to _all_ code blocks. If you wish to add line numbers to _some_, but not all
|
||
code blocks, consult the section on [adding line numbers][10] later in this
|
||
document, which also contains some tips on working with line numbers:
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.highlight:
|
||
linenums: true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`linenums_style`{: #linenums-style }
|
||
|
||
: :octicons-milestone-24: Default: `table` – The Highlight extension provides
|
||
three ways to add line numbers, all of which are supported by Material for
|
||
MkDocs. While `table` wraps a code block in a table, `inline` and
|
||
`pymdownx.inline` render line numbers as part of the line itself:
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.highlight:
|
||
linenums_style: pymdownx.inline
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note that `inline` will put line numbers next to the actual code, which
|
||
means that they will be included when selecting text with the cursor or
|
||
copying a code block to the clipboard. Thus, the usage of `table` or
|
||
`pymdownx.inline` is recommended.
|
||
|
||
_Material for MkDocs doesn't provide official support for the other options of
|
||
this extension, so they may be supported but can also yield weird results. Use
|
||
them at your own risk._
|
||
|
||
[2]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/master/src/assets/stylesheets/main/extensions/pymdownx/_highlight.scss
|
||
[3]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/highlight/
|
||
[4]: https://python-markdown.github.io/extensions/code_hilite/
|
||
[5]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/
|
||
[6]: ../customization.md#additional-css
|
||
[7]: ../customization.md#additional-javascript
|
||
[8]: https://highlightjs.org/
|
||
[9]: https://cdnjs.com/libraries/highlight.js/
|
||
[10]: #adding-line-numbers
|
||
|
||
### InlineHilite
|
||
|
||
[:octicons-file-code-24: Source][2] · [:octicons-workflow-24: Extension][11]
|
||
|
||
The [InlineHilite][11] extension, which is part of [Python Markdown
|
||
Extensions][5] also integrates with Material for MkDocs and adds support for
|
||
__syntax highlighting of inline code blocks__. It's built on top of the
|
||
[Highlight][3] extension and can be enabled via `mkdocs.yml`:
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.inlinehilite
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
See the section on [inline code blocks][12] for usage information.
|
||
|
||
[11]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/inlinehilite/
|
||
[12]: #highlighting-inline-code-blocks
|
||
|
||
### Keys
|
||
|
||
[:octicons-file-code-24: Source][13] · [:octicons-workflow-24: Extension][14]
|
||
|
||
The [Keys][14] extension, which is part of [Python Markdown Extensions][5],
|
||
allows for inserting __keyboard keys__, e.g. ++ctrl+alt+delete++ , and
|
||
can be enabled via `mkdocs.yml`:
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.keys
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[13]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/master/src/assets/stylesheets/main/extensions/pymdownx/_keys.scss
|
||
[14]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/keys/
|
||
|
||
### SuperFences
|
||
|
||
The [SuperFences][15] extension, which is also part of [Python Markdown
|
||
Extensions][5], allows for the __nesting of code blocks inside other blocks__,
|
||
and is therefore strongly recommended:
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.superfences
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[15]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/superfences/
|
||
|
||
### Snippets
|
||
|
||
The [Snippets][16] extension, which is also part of [Python Markdown
|
||
Extensions][5], allows to __insert content from other files__ or other, regular
|
||
content, and can be enabled via `mkdocs.yml`:
|
||
|
||
``` yaml
|
||
markdown_extensions:
|
||
- pymdownx.snippets
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[16]: https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/snippets/
|
||
|
||
## Usage
|
||
|
||
This section discusses how to use different syntax highlighting features with
|
||
[Pygments][1] – the default highlighter – so they don't apply when using
|
||
a JavaScript syntax highlighter.
|
||
|
||
### Specifying the language
|
||
|
||
Code blocks must be enclosed with two separate lines containing three backticks.
|
||
To add code highlighting to those blocks, add the language short name directly
|
||
after the opening block. See the [list of available lexers][17] to find the
|
||
short name for a given language.
|
||
|
||
_Example_:
|
||
|
||
```` markdown
|
||
``` python
|
||
import tensorflow as tf
|
||
```
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
_Result_:
|
||
|
||
``` python
|
||
import tensorflow as tf
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[17]: https://pygments.org/docs/lexers/
|
||
|
||
### Adding line numbers
|
||
|
||
Line numbers can be added to a code block by using the `linenums="<start>"`
|
||
option directly after the short name, whereas `<start>` represents the starting
|
||
line number. A code block can start from a line number other than `1`, which
|
||
allows splitting large code blocks for readability.
|
||
|
||
_Example_:
|
||
|
||
```` markdown
|
||
``` python linenums="1"
|
||
def bubble_sort(items):
|
||
for i in range(len(items)):
|
||
for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
|
||
if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
|
||
items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
|
||
```
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
_Result_:
|
||
|
||
``` python linenums="1"
|
||
def bubble_sort(items):
|
||
for i in range(len(items)):
|
||
for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
|
||
if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
|
||
items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Highlighting specific lines
|
||
|
||
Specific lines can be highlighted by passing the line numbers to the `hl_lines`
|
||
argument placed right after the language short name. Note that line counts start
|
||
at `1`, regardless of the starting line number specified as part of `linenums`.
|
||
|
||
_Example_:
|
||
|
||
```` markdown
|
||
``` python hl_lines="2 3"
|
||
def bubble_sort(items):
|
||
for i in range(len(items)):
|
||
for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
|
||
if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
|
||
items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
|
||
```
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
_Result_:
|
||
|
||
``` python hl_lines="2 3"
|
||
def bubble_sort(items):
|
||
for i in range(len(items)):
|
||
for j in range(len(items) - 1 - i):
|
||
if items[j] > items[j + 1]:
|
||
items[j], items[j + 1] = items[j + 1], items[j]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Highlighting inline code blocks
|
||
|
||
When [InlineHilite][18] is enabled, inline code blocks can be highlighted by
|
||
prefixing them with a shebang-like sequence, i.e. `#!`, directly followed by
|
||
the [language short name][17].
|
||
|
||
_Example_:
|
||
|
||
``` markdown
|
||
The `#!python range()` function is used to generate a sequence of numbers.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
_Result_:
|
||
|
||
The `#!python range()` function is used to generate a sequence of numbers.
|
||
|
||
[18]: #inlinehilite
|
||
|
||
### Adding keyboard keys
|
||
|
||
When [Keys][19] is enabled, keyboard keys can be rendered with a simple syntax.
|
||
Consult the [Python Markdown Extensions][16] documentation to learn about all
|
||
available key codes.
|
||
|
||
_Example_:
|
||
|
||
``` markdown
|
||
++ctrl+alt+del++
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
_Result_:
|
||
|
||
++ctrl+alt+del++
|
||
|
||
[19]: #keys
|
||
|
||
### Embedding external files
|
||
|
||
_Also known as transcludes or file transclusion in [MultiMarkdown][20]_.
|
||
|
||
When [Snippets][21] is enabled, content from other files can be embedded, which
|
||
is especially useful to reference and embed the contents of source files
|
||
directly into your project documentation.
|
||
|
||
_Example_:
|
||
|
||
```` markdown
|
||
```
|
||
--8<-- ".browserslistrc"
|
||
```
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
_Result_:
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
--8<-- ".browserslistrc"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Note that [Snippets][21] is not limited to code blocks, but can be used anywhere
|
||
from a document to move repeating content to separate files, which is also
|
||
explained in the [official documentation][16].
|
||
|
||
[20]: https://fletcher.github.io/MultiMarkdown-5/transclusion.html
|
||
[21]: #snippets
|
||
|
||
## Customization
|
||
|
||
### Custom syntax theme
|
||
|
||
[:octicons-file-code-24: Source][22] ·
|
||
:octicons-mortar-board-24: Difficulty: _easy_
|
||
|
||
If [Pygments][23] is used, Material for MkDocs provides the [styles for code
|
||
blocks][22], which are built with a custom and well-balanced palette that works
|
||
equally well for both [color schemes][24]:
|
||
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-number-color) " } `--md-code-hl-number-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-special-color) " } `--md-code-hl-special-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-function-color) " } `--md-code-hl-function-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-constant-color) " } `--md-code-hl-constant-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-keyword-color) " } `--md-code-hl-keyword-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-string-color) " } `--md-code-hl-string-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-name-color) " } `--md-code-hl-name-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-operator-color) " } `--md-code-hl-operator-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-punctuation-color) " } `--md-code-hl-punctuation-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-comment-color) " } `--md-code-hl-comment-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-generic-color) " } `--md-code-hl-generic-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-variable-color) " } `--md-code-hl-variable-color`
|
||
|
||
Code block foreground, background and line highlight colors are defined via:
|
||
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-fg-color) " } `--md-code-fg-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-bg-color) " } `--md-code-bg-color`
|
||
- :material-checkbox-blank-circle:{: style="color: var(--md-code-hl-color) " } `--md-code-hl-color`
|
||
|
||
Let's say you want to change the color of `#!js "strings"`. While there are
|
||
several [types of string tokens][25], Material for MkDocs assigns a single color
|
||
to most of them.
|
||
|
||
Create an [additional stylesheet][6], and add:
|
||
|
||
``` css
|
||
:root > * {
|
||
--md-code-hl-string-color: #0FF1CE;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you want to tweak a specific type of string, i.e. ``#!js `backticks` ``, you
|
||
can lookup the specific class name in the [syntax theme definition][26], and
|
||
override it as part of your additional stylesheet:
|
||
|
||
``` css
|
||
.highlight .sb {
|
||
color: #0FF1CE;
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[22]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/master/src/assets/stylesheets/main/_colors.scss#
|
||
[23]: #use-pygments
|
||
[24]: ../setup/changing-the-colors.md#color-scheme
|
||
[25]: https://pygments.org/docs/tokens/#literals
|
||
[26]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/blob/master/src/assets/stylesheets/main/extensions/markdown/_codehilite.scss
|