345 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
345 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
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---
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aliases:
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tags:
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- зрелость/🌱
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date:
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- - 2024-06-17
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zero-link:
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- "[[00 PostgreSQL]]"
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parents:
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- "[[Репликация в PostgreSQL]]"
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linked:
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---
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## Физическая репликация
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1. Создаем сеть, запоминаем адрес
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```shell
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docker network create pgnet
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docker network inspect pgnet | grep Subnet # Запомнить маску сети
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```
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2. Поднимаем мастер
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```shell
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docker run -dit -v "$PWD/volumes/pgmaster/:/var/lib/postgresql/data" -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pass -p "5432:5432" --restart=unless-stopped --network=pgnet --name=pgmaster postgres
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```
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3. Меняем postgresql.conf на мастере
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```conf
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ssl = off
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wal_level = replica
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max_wal_senders = 4 # expected slave num
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```
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4. Подключаемся к мастеру и создаем пользователя для репликации
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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create role replicator with login replication password 'pass';
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exit
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```
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5. Добавляем запись в `pgmaster/pg_hba.conf` с `subnet` с первого шага
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```
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host replication replicator __SUBNET__ md5
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```
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6. Перезапустим мастер
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```shell
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docker restart pgmaster
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```
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7. Сделаем бэкап для реплик
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgmaster bash
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mkdir /pgslave
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pg_basebackup -h pgmaster -D /pgslave -U replicator -v -P --wal-method=stream
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exit
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```
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8. Копируем директорию себе
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```shell
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docker cp pgmaster:/pgslave volumes/pgslave/
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```
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9. Создадим файл, чтобы реплика узнала, что она реплика
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```shell
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touch volumes/pgslave/standby.signal
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```
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10. Меняем `postgresql.conf` на реплике `pgslave`
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```conf
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primary_conninfo = 'host=pgmaster port=5432 user=replicator password=pass application_name=pgslave'
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```
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11. Запускаем реплику `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker run -dit -v "$PWD/volumes/pgslave/:/var/lib/postgresql/data" -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pass -p "15432:5432" --network=pgnet --restart=unless-stopped --name=pgslave postgres
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```
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12. Запустим вторую реплику `pgasyncslave`
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- скопируем бэкап
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```shell
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docker cp pgmaster:/pgslave volumes/pgasyncslave/
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```
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- изменим настройки `pgasyncslave/postgresql.conf`
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```conf
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primary_conninfo = 'host=pgmaster port=5432 user=replicator password=pass application_name=pgasyncslave'
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```
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- дадим знать что это реплика
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```shell
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touch volumes/pgasyncslave/standby.signal
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```
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- запустим реплику `pgasyncslave`
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```shell
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docker run -dit -v "$PWD/volumes/pgasyncslave/:/var/lib/postgresql/data" -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pass -p "25432:5432" --network=pgnet --restart=unless-stopped --name=pgasyncslave postgres
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```
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14. Убеждаемся что обе реплики работают в асинхронном режиме на `pgmaster`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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select application_name, sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
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exit;
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```
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15. Включаем синхронную репликацию на `pgmaster`
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- меняем файл `pgmaster/postgresql.conf`
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```conf
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synchronous_commit = on
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synchronous_standby_names = 'FIRST 1 (pgslave, pgasyncslave)'
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```
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- перечитываем конфиг
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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select pg_reload_conf();
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exit;
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```
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16. Убеждаемся, что реплика стала синхронной
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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select application_name, sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
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exit;
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```
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17. Создадим тестовую таблицу на `pgmaster` и проверим репликацию
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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create table test(id bigint primary key not null);
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insert into test(id) values(1);
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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18. Проверим наличие данных на `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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19. Проверим наличие данных на `pgasyncslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgasyncslave su - postgres -c psql
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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20. Попробуем сделать `insert` на `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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insert into test(id) values(2);
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exit;
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```
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21. Укладываем репилку `pgasyncslave` и проверяем работу `pgmaster` и `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker stop pgasyncslave
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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select application_name, sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
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insert into test(id) values(2);
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select * from test;
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exit;
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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22. Укладываем репилку `pgslave` и проверяем работу `pgmaster`, а потом возвращаем реплику `pgslave`
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- terminal 1
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```shell
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docker stop pgslave
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docker exec -it pgmaster su - postgres -c psql
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select application_name, sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
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insert into test(id) values(3);
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exit;
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```
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- terminal 2
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```shell
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docker start pgslave
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```
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23. Возвращаем вторую реплику `pgasyncslave`
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```shell
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docker start pgasyncslave
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```
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24. Убиваем мастер `pgmaster`
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```shell
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docker stop pgmaster
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```
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25. Запромоутим реплику `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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select pg_promote();
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exit;
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```
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26. Пробуем записать в новый мастер `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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insert into test(id) values(4);
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exit;
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```
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27. Настраиваем репликацию на `pgslave` (`pgslave/postgresql.conf`)
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- изменяем конфиг
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```conf
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synchronous_commit = on
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synchronous_standby_names = 'ANY 1 (pgmaster, pgasyncslave)'
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```
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- перечитываем конфиг
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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select pg_reload_conf();
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exit;
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```
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28. Подключим вторую реплику `pgasyncslave` к новому мастеру `pgslave`
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- изменяем конфиг `pgasyncslave/postgresql.conf`
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```conf
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primary_conninfo = 'host=pgslave port=5432 user=replicator password=pass application_name=pgasyncslave'
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```
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- перечитываем конфиг
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgasyncslave su - postgres -c psql
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select pg_reload_conf();
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exit;
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```
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29. Проверяем что к новому мастеру `pgslave` подключена реплика и она работает
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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select application_name, sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
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insert into test(id) values (5)
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select * from test;
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exit;
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docker exec -it pgasyncslave su - postgres -c psql
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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30. Восстановим старый мастер `pgmaster` как реплику
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1. Помечаем как реплику
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```shell
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touch volumes/pgmaster/standby.signal
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```
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2. Изменяем конфиг `pgmaster/postgresql.conf`
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```conf
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primary_conninfo = 'host=pgslave port=5432 user=replicator password=pass application_name=pgmaster'
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```
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3. Запустим `pgmaster`
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```shell
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docker start pgmaster
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```
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4. Убедимся что `pgmaster` подключился как реплика к `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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select application_name, sync_state from pg_stat_replication;
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exit;
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```
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## Логическая репликация
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1. Меняем `wal_level` для текущего мастера `pgslave`
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1. Изменяем настройки `pgslave/postgresql.conf`
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```conf
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wal_level = logical
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```
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2. Перезапускаем `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker restart pgslave
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```
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2. Создадим публикацию в `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE postgres TO replicator;
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GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO replicator;
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create publication pg_pub for table test;
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exit;
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```
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3. Создадим новый сервер `pgstandalone` для логической репликации
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```shell
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docker run -dit -v "$PWD/volumes/pgstandalone/:/var/lib/postgresql/data" -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pass -p "35432:5432" --restart=unless-stopped --network=pgnet --name=pgstandalone postgres
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```
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4. Копируем файлы c `pgslave` в `pgstandalone` и восстанавливаем
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres
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pg_dumpall -U postgres -r -h pgslave -f /var/lib/postgresql/roles.dmp
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pg_dump -U postgres -Fc -h pgslave -f /var/lib/postgresql/schema.dmp -s postgres
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exit;
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docker cp pgslave:/var/lib/postgresql/roles.dmp .
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docker cp roles.dmp pgstandalone:/var/lib/postgresql/roles.dmp
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docker cp pgslave:/var/lib/postgresql/schema.dmp .
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docker cp schema.dmp pgstandalone:/var/lib/postgresql/schema.dmp
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docker exec -it pgstandalone su - postgres
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psql -f roles.dmp
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pg_restore -d postgres -C schema.dmp
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exit
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```
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5. Создаем подписку на `pgstandalone`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgstandalone su - postgres -c psql
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CREATE SUBSCRIPTION pg_sub CONNECTION 'host=pgslave port=5432 user=replicator password=pass dbname=postgres' PUBLICATION pg_pub;
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exit;
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```
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6. Убеждаемся что репликация запущена
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgstandalone su - postgres -c psql
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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7. Сделаем конфликт в данных
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1. Вставляем данные в подписчике `pgstandalone`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgstandalone su - postgres -c psql
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insert into test values(9);
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exit;
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```
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2. Вставляем данные в паблишере `pgslave`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgslave su - postgres -c psql
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insert into test values(9);
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insert into test values(10);
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exit;
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```
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3. Убеждаемся что записи с id 10 не появилось на `pgstandalone`
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgstandalone su - postgres -c psql
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select * from test;
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exit;
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```
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4. Посмотрим в логи `pgstandalone` и убедимся что у нас произошел разрыв репликации
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```shell
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docker logs pgstandalone
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```
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```
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2023-03-27 16:15:02.753 UTC [258] ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint "test_pkey"
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2023-03-27 16:15:02.753 UTC [258] DETAIL: Key (id)=(9) already exists.
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2023-03-28 18:30:42.893 UTC [108] CONTEXT: processing remote data for replication origin "pg_16395" during message type "INSERT" for replication target relation "public.test" in transaction 739, finished at 0/3026450
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```
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8. Исправляем конфликт
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```shell
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docker exec -it pgstandalone su - postgres -c psql
|
|||
|
|
SELECT pg_replication_origin_advance('pg_16395', '0/3026451'::pg_lsn); # message from log + 1
|
|||
|
|
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION pg_sub ENABLE;
|
|||
|
|
select * from test;
|
|||
|
|
exit;
|
|||
|
|
```
|