mkdocs-material/docs/setup/setting-up-navigation.md

Setting up navigation

A clear and concise navigation structure is an important aspect of good project documentation. Material for MkDocs provides a multitude of options to configure the behavior of navigational elements, including tabs and sections, and one of its flagship features: instant loading.

Additional navigation can be configured in the footer as well as with the tags plugin. The blog plugin also sets up additional navigation.

Configuration

Instant loading

When instant loading is enabled, clicks on all internal links will be intercepted and dispatched via XHR without fully reloading the page. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.instant

The resulting page is parsed and injected and all event handlers and components are rebound automatically, i.e., Material for MkDocs now behaves like a Single Page Application. Now, the search index survives navigation, which is especially useful for large documentation sites.

!!! info "The [site_url][mkdocs.site_url] setting must be set"

Note that you must set [`site_url`][mkdocs.site_url] when using instant
navigation, as instant navigation relies on the generated `sitemap.xml`
which will be empty if this setting is omitted. Example:

``` yaml
site_url: https://example.com
```

Instant prefetching

Instant prefetching is a new experimental feature that will start to fetch a page once the user hovers over a link. This will reduce the perceived loading time for the user, especially on slow connections, as the page will be available immediately upon navigation. Enable it with:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.instant
    - navigation.instant.prefetch

Progress indicator

In order to provide a better user experience on slow connections when using instant navigation, a progress indicator can be enabled. It will be shown at the top of the page and will be hidden once the page has fully loaded. You can enable it in mkdocs.yml with:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.instant
    - navigation.instant.progress

The progress indicator will only show if the page hasn't finished loading after 400ms, so that fast connections will never show it for a better instant experience.

Instant previews :material-alert-decagram:

Instant previews are a brand new feature that allow the user to preview another site of your documentation without navigating to it. They can be very helpful to keep the user in context. Instant previews can be enabled on any header link with the data-preview attribute:

``` markdown
[Attribute Lists](#){ data-preview }
```

Attribute Lists{ data-preview }

!!! info "Limitations"

Instant previews are still an experimental feature and currently limited to
headerlinks. This means, you can use them on any internal link that points
to a header on another page, but not other elements with `id` attributes.
After we have gathered enough feedback, we will consider extending this
feature to other, and possibly arbitrary elements.

Automatic previews

The recommended way to work with instant previews is to use the Markdown extension that is included with Material for MkDocs, as it allows you to enable instant previews on a per-page or per-section level for your documentation:

markdown_extensions:
  - material.extensions.preview:
      targets:
        include:
          - changelog/index.md
          - customization.md
          - insiders/changelog/*
          - setup/extensions/*

The above configuration is what we use for our documentation. We've enabled instant previews for our changelogs, customization guide, and Insiders sections, as well as for all Markdown extensions that we support.

!!! info "Full configuration example"

``` yaml
markdown_extensions:
  - material.extensions.preview:
      sources: # (1)!
        include:
          - ...
        exclude:
          - ...
      targets: # (2)!
        include:
          - ...
        exclude:
          - ...
```

1.  Sources specify the pages _on_ which instant previews should be enabled.
    If this setting is omitted, instant previews will be enabled on all
    pages. You can use patterns to include or exclude pages. Exclusion is
    evaluated on top of inclusion, so if a page is matched by both, it will
    be excluded.

2.  Targets specify the pages _to_ which instant previews should be enabled.
    This is the recommended way to enable instant previews.

---

Instant previews can also be enabled globally by adding the following lines to mkdocs.yml, which will enable instant previews for all header links, alleviating the need to add data attributes:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.instant.preview

!!! info "The [site_url][mkdocs.site_url] setting must be set"

Note that you must set [`site_url`][mkdocs.site_url] when using instant
previews, as instant previews rely on the generated `sitemap.xml`
which will be empty if this setting is omitted. Example:

``` yaml
site_url: https://example.com
```

Anchor tracking

When anchor tracking is enabled, the URL in the address bar is automatically updated with the active anchor as highlighted in the table of contents. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.tracking

Navigation tabs

When tabs are enabled, top-level sections are rendered in a menu layer below the header for viewports above 1220px, but remain as-is on mobile.¹ Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.tabs

=== "With tabs"

[![Navigation tabs enabled]][Navigation tabs enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Navigation tabs disabled]][Navigation tabs disabled]

Sticky navigation tabs

When sticky tabs are enabled, navigation tabs will lock below the header and always remain visible when scrolling down. Just add the following two feature flags to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.tabs
    - navigation.tabs.sticky

=== "With sticky tabs"

[![Sticky navigation tabs enabled]][Sticky navigation tabs enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Sticky navigation tabs disabled]][Sticky navigation tabs disabled]

Navigation sections

When sections are enabled, top-level sections are rendered as groups in the sidebar for viewports above 1220px, but remain as-is on mobile. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.sections

=== "With sections"

[![Navigation sections enabled]][Navigation sections enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Navigation sections disabled]][Navigation sections disabled]

Both feature flags, navigation.tabs and navigation.sections, can be combined with each other. If both feature flags are enabled, sections are rendered for level 2 navigation items.

Navigation expansion

When expansion is enabled, the left sidebar will expand all collapsible subsections by default, so the user doesn't have to open subsections manually. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.expand

=== "With expansion"

[![Navigation expansion enabled]][Navigation expansion enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Navigation expansion disabled]][Navigation expansion disabled]

Navigation path Breadcrumbs

When navigation paths are activated, a breadcrumb navigation is rendered above the title of each page, which might make orientation easier for users visiting your documentation on devices with smaller screens. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.path

=== "With navigation path"

[![Navigation path enabled]][Navigation path enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Navigation path disabled]][Navigation path disabled]

Navigation pruning

When pruning is enabled, only the visible navigation items are included in the rendered HTML, reducing the size of the built site by 33% or more. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.prune # (1)!

1. This feature flag is not compatible with navigation.expand, as navigation expansion requires the complete navigation structure.

This feature flag is especially useful for documentation sites with 100+ or even 1,000+ of pages, as the navigation makes up a significant fraction of the HTML. Navigation pruning will replace all expandable sections with links to the first page in that section (or the section index page).

Section index pages

When section index pages are enabled, documents can be directly attached to sections, which is particularly useful for providing overview pages. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.indexes # (1)!

1. This feature flag is not compatible with toc.integrate, as sections cannot host the table of contents due to missing space.

=== "With section index pages"

[![Section index pages enabled]][Section index pages enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Section index pages disabled]][Section index pages disabled]

In order to link a page to a section, create a new document with the name index.md in the respective folder, and add it to the beginning of your navigation section:

nav:
  - Section:
    - section/index.md # (1)!
    - Page 1: section/page-1.md
    ...
    - Page n: section/page-n.md

1. MkDocs also considers files called README.md as index pages.

Table of contents

Anchor following

When anchor following for the table of contents is enabled, the sidebar is automatically scrolled so that the active anchor is always visible. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - toc.follow

Navigation integration

When navigation integration for the table of contents is enabled, it is always rendered as part of the navigation sidebar on the left. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - toc.integrate # (1)!

1. This feature flag is not compatible with navigation.indexes, as sections cannot host the table of contents due to missing space.

=== "With navigation integration"

[![Navigation integration enabled]][Navigation integration enabled]

=== "Without"

[![Navigation integration disabled]][Navigation integration disabled]

Back-to-top button

A back-to-top button can be shown when the user, after scrolling down, starts to scroll up again. It's rendered centered and just below the header. Add the following lines to mkdocs.yml:

theme:
  features:
    - navigation.top

Usage

Hiding the sidebars

The navigation and/or table of contents sidebars can be hidden for a document with the front matter hide property. Add the following lines at the top of a Markdown file:

---
hide:
  - navigation
  - toc
---

# Page title
...

=== "Hide navigation"

[![Hide navigation enabled]][Hide navigation enabled]

=== "Hide table of contents"

[![Hide table of contents enabled]][Hide table of contents enabled]

=== "Hide both"

[![Hide both enabled]][Hide both enabled]

Hiding the navigation path

While the navigation path is rendered above the main headline, sometimes, it might be desirable to hide it for a specific page, which can be achieved with the front matter hide property:

---
hide:
  - path
---

# Page title
...

Customization

Keyboard shortcuts

Material for MkDocs includes several keyboard shortcuts that make it possible to navigate your project documentation via keyboard. There are two modes:

: This mode is active when the search is focused. It provides several key bindings to make search accessible and navigable via keyboard:

* ++arrow-down++ , ++arrow-up++ : select next / previous result
* ++esc++ , ++tab++ : close search dialog
* ++enter++ : follow selected result

: This mode is active when search is not focussed and when there's no other focussed element that is susceptible to keyboard input. The following keys are bound:

* ++f++ , ++s++ , ++slash++ : open search dialog
* ++p++ , ++comma++ : go to previous page
* ++n++ , ++period++ : go to next page

Let's say you want to bind some action to the ++x++ key. By using additional JavaScript, you can subscribe to the keyboard$ observable and attach your custom event listener:

=== ":octicons-file-code-16: docs/javascripts/shortcuts.js"

``` js
keyboard$.subscribe(function(key) {
  if (key.mode === "global" && key.type === "x") {
    /* Add custom keyboard handler here */
    key.claim() // (1)!
  }
})
```

1.  The call to `key.claim()` will execute `preventDefault()` on the
    underlying event, so the keypress will not propagate further and
    touch other event listeners.

=== ":octicons-file-code-16: mkdocs.yml"

``` yaml
extra_javascript:
  - javascripts/shortcuts.js
```

Content area width

The width of the content area is set so the length of each line doesn't exceed 80-100 characters, depending on the width of the characters. While this is a reasonable default, as longer lines tend to be harder to read, it may be desirable to increase the overall width of the content area, or even make it stretch to the entire available space.

This can easily be achieved with an additional style sheet and a few lines of CSS:

=== ":octicons-file-code-16: docs/stylesheets/extra.css"

``` css
.md-grid {
  max-width: 1440px; /* (1)! */
}
```

1.  If you want the content area to always stretch to the available screen
    space, reset `max-width` with the following CSS:

    ``` css
    .md-grid {
      max-width: initial;
    }
    ```

=== ":octicons-file-code-16: mkdocs.yml"

``` yaml
extra_css:
  - stylesheets/extra.css
```

---

1. Prior to , navigation tabs had a slightly different behavior. All top-level pages (i.e. all top-level entries directly referring to a *.md file) defined inside the nav entry of mkdocs.yml were grouped under the first tab which received the title of the first page. This made it impossible to include a top-level page (or external link) as a tab item, as was reported in #1884 and #2072. From on, navigation tabs include all top-level pages and sections. ↩︎